Soldiers and Settlers videos @ Genocide.live

Israeli settlers are attacking Palestinian houses by throwing stones and empty beer bottles

No.

9970

Date

24 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

Issa Amro | عيسى عمرو

Event

Lockdown of Hebron / Al-Khalil for Shabbat Chayei Sarah

The Hareini family suffers daily from violence due to the proximity of their home and land to the Israeli outpost

No.

9924

Date

24 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - At-Tuwani - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Israeli settlers from Maon outpost carry out repeated raids on al-Tuwani village and Hureini family

No.

10410

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - At-Tuwani - Susiya

Found by

Mohammad Hureini

Event

Israeli settlers from Maon outpost carry out repeated raids on al-Tuwani village and Hureini family

No.

10409

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - At-Tuwani - Susiya

Found by

Mohammad Hureini

Event

Israeli settlers and soldiers harass Hareini familyin At-Tawani

No.

9923

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - At-Tuwani - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

In Beit Amra, Israeli soliders and settlers prevent olive harvest

No.

9922

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Beit Amra

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

In Beit Amra, Israeli settlers and soldiers prevent olive harvest

No.

9921

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Beit Amra

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers attacked the home of human rights defender Issa Amro in Tel Rumeida

No.

9920

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Tel Rumeida

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Harassment of the Palestinian activist Issa Amro

Footage shows settlers attacking the home of activist Issa Amro in Hebron

No.

9919

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Harassment of the Palestinian activist Issa Amro

Israeli settlers throwing stones at Palestinians with the accompaniment of a soldier.

No.

9895

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Mistaclim

Event

"Shabbat pleasure" of the violent settlers militias in Beit Furik

Israeli settlers throwing stones at Palestinians with the accompaniment of a soldier.

No.

9894

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Mistaclim

Event

"Shabbat pleasure" of the violent settlers militias in Beit Furik

Israeli settlers throwing stones at Palestinians with the accompaniment of a soldier.

No.

9893

Date

23 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Mistaclim

Event

"Shabbat pleasure" of the violent settlers militias in Beit Furik

Israeli Minister Ben Gvir and settlers, desecrate the surroundings of Ibrahimi Mosque

No.

9875

Date

22 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

AlJarmaq

Event

Lockdown of Hebron / Al-Khalil for Shabbat Chayei Sarah

Destruction of an agricultural room and olive trees in New Nablus by Israeli auhtorities

No.

9798

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Al-Tur

Found by

TVFreePalestine

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli Army protects settlers as they assault Palestinian olive harvesters

No.

9643

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli Army protects settlers as they assault Palestinian olive harvesters

No.

9642

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli Army protects settlers as they assault Palestinian olive harvesters

No.

9641

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Im Nir

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli Army protects settlers as they assault Palestinian olive harvesters

No.

9640

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Im Nir

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli Army protects settlers as they assault Palestinian olive harvesters

No.

9639

Date

19 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Umm Nir

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Evil deeds of the settler Itamar Levy in Masafer Yatta (2021-2024)

No.

35654

Date

18 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Susiya - Shi'b al Butum

Found by

Masafering Kivsa Shchora (מחוץ לעדר)

Event

Recurring settler raids on Susiya village

Israel expanding a colony on Palestinian lands in the village of Dura, south of Hebron

No.

9761

Date

18 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Dura - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

TVFreePalestine @JaradatSari

Israeli settler militias training in the occupied West Bank & practicing military drills

No.

9629

Date

18 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

West Bank Observer

The settler-soldier Ariel Ohayon destroying what little remained of the home of Jibreel Abu ‘Aram in Qawawis

No.

19799

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Qawawis

Found by

Masafering

Event

Raids by settlers on Qawawis (Masafer Yatta)

Muhammad Castiro's cafe in central Jerusalem was expropriated to be transferred to settlers

No.

9652

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@the_andrey_x

Event

Israeli forces seized the “Castiro” café in Jerusalem’s Musrara area

No.

9628

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Israeli settlers and police kicked Muhammad Castiro out of his own cafe in Damascus Gate (occupied Jerusalem)

No.

9546

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@Lauara_It

Event

Muhammad Castiro has been expelled from Al-Musarra cafe, and the site given to settlers

No.

9545

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@Ylainoa

Event

Police-accompanied settlers evacuated Mahmoud Castiro's decades-old family cafe in occupied Jerusalem

No.

9544

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@againstwarvoice

Event

Israeli police and settlers evict Muhammad Costeiro from his decades-old cafe

No.

9543

Date

17 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@IrAmimAlerts

Event

The infamous settler soldier Binyamin Zarbiv terrorized olive pickers

No.

10597

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Soldier prevent Palestinians from accessing their olive groves

No.

10596

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - At-Tuwani

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Still waiting the Israeli permission to pick their olives behind the Apartheid wall

No.

9555

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Jenin - Anin

Found by

TVFreePalestine

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The Israeli army carried out an operation in Beit Furik causing significant material damage

No.

9473

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli forces close Beit Furik checkpoint east of Nablus

No.

9472

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

@RoyalNewsEnglish

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settler storm Al-dhubat neighborhood in Beit Furik and attack Palestinian homes

No.

9470

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Quds News Network

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Unarmed Palestinian youth confront Israeli settler militias Sotrming Beit Furik

No.

9469

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Quds News Network

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settler militias under the protection of Israeli soldiers confront unarmed Palestinian

No.

9468

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Quds News Network

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Palestinians confront Israeli settlers who attacked the village of Beit Furik

No.

9467

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Eye on Palestine

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settlers are attacking Palestinian village Beit Faurik setting fire to cars

No.

9466

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

Ramy Abdu| رامي عبده

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settler militias torched Palestinian homes in Beit Furik

No.

9465

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

@Kuffiyateam

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli army and police continue to take an active part in efforts to deport T'ala resident in West Bank

No.

9454

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Tahla

Found by

Masafering

In T'ala Israeli settlers threaten and prevent the residents from grazing and cultivating their land

No.

9453

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Tahla

Found by

Masafering

The settlers and the Israeli army have made the lives of the residents of T'ala miserable

No.

9452

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Tahla

Found by

Masafering

Dozen Israeli soldiers invaded the village of T'ala, West Bank

No.

9451

Date

16 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Tahla

Found by

Masafering

A settler committed acts of violence in Abu Dis under the protection of Israeli forces before youths set fire to his vehicle

No.

9752

Date

15 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds - Abu Dis

Found by

Middle East Eye

Israeli Jewish settlers are stealing Palestinian olives in Hebon

No.

9972

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

Issa Amro | عيسى عمرو

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers set homes ablaze and caused widespread destruction in Beit Furik

No.

9632

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settlers are attacking Palestinian vehicles and propertie in Beit Furik

No.

9631

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

Israeli settlers carried out organized attacks on Palestinian homes and vehicles in Beit Furik

No.

9630

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Nablus - Beit Furik

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Raid in Beit Furik

"Israel 2024; Ethnic cleansing in the Negev has continued from 1948 until today."

No.

9387

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

Negev / Al-Naqab - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

@OkbiYasser

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Israeli occupation forces demolish the village mosque at Umm al-Hiran

No.

9363

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

Negev / Al-Naqab - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

Shameen Suleman

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Israeli occupation forces demolish the village mosque at Umm al-Hiran

No.

9362

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

Negev / Al-Naqab - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

Oren Ziv

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Israeli police raid Um Al Hiram ahead of the demolition of the entire Bedouin village

No.

9361

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Negev / Al-Naqab - Jordan Valley - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

Oren Ziv

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Dozens of Palestinian villages are asking international and Israeli activists to provide protective presence in Masafer Yatta

No.

9340

Date

14 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Susiya

Found by

@the_andrey_x

Event

Recurring settler raids on Susiya village

The attacks by settlers on Palestinian vehicles in Sheikh Jarrah have intensified tensions

No.

9636

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

In Sheikh Jarrah, Israeli settler set fire on Palestinian vehicle

No.

9635

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

A new Israeli colony in Tarqumiya village stole more than 300 dunams of palestinian land

No.

9490

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Tarqumiya

Found by

TVFreePalestine @JaradatSari

Video from Bedouin activist Raid Abu Al-Qian before he was arrested by Israeli police in Umm AL-Hiran

No.

9386

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

Negev / Al-Naqab - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

@OkbiYasser

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Israeli settlers and soldiers obstruct Susiya olive harvest

No.

9315

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers and soldiers obstruct Susiya olive harvest

No.

9314

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers and soldiers obstruct Susiya olive harvest

No.

9313

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli excavators demolish Palestinian houses and infrastructure in occupied Jerusalem

No.

9286

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds - Silwan

Found by

Suppressed News.

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

Palestinian-owned vehicles set on fire this morning by Israeli settlers in Shekh Jarrah

No.

9284

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

Quds News Network

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

Israeli settlers burn a number of vehicles in Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood

No.

9283

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@Esmail490292289

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

Bedouin families of Umm Al-Hiran conronted to Israeli demolition orders and

No.

9278

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

Negev / Al-Naqab - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

@rcuvnegev

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Palestinian vehicles set on fire by Jewish supremacists in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood

No.

9277

Date

13 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Sheikh Jarrah - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

@nirhasson

Event

Sheikh Jarrah assault by Israeli settlers in Silwan / East Jerusalem

A Night of Terror when Israeli settlers attack a house in Jenin

No.

9810

Date

12 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Jenin

Found by

TVFreePalestine Obada Tahayna | عبادة طحاينة

Event

Israeli settlers attacking a Palestinian home in Jaba

The Israeli soldiers threatened to arrest farmers od Karma if they harvested olives

No.

9812

Date

11 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Karma

Found by

TVFreePalestine Sari Jaradat

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers harass Umm Nir farmers during olive harvest

No.

9223

Date

11 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Umm Nir

Found by

@ISMPalestine

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Umm al-Hiran and 13 other Bedouins communities in the Naqab desert are being ethnically cleansed

No.

9172

Date

11 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Negev / Al-Naqab - Jordan Valley - Umm al-Hiran

Found by

@the_andrey_x

Event

Ethnic cleansing of Umm Al-Hiran Bedouin communities

Settlers invaded the school in the village of Al-Fakhit

No.

16682

Date

9 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Khirbet al-Fakheit

Found by

Masafering

Event

Pogroms and ethnic cleansing in Khirbet al-Fakheit

Israeli settlers steal olives from Palestinian groves in Burin

No.

11092

Date

9 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Burin

Found by

@ISMPalestine

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

20 settlers attacked Palestinian farmers and rabbis4HR during olive harvest at Deir Jarir

No.

9091

Date

9 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Deir Jarir

Found by

@JVActivists

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Settlers steal olive harvest after expelling Palestinians from their olive groves

No.

9066

Date

9 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Burin - Nablus

Found by

Mistaclim

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

France is working on new sanctions against those facilitating the expansion of Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank

No.

9740

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - East Jerusalem/Al-Quds

Found by

Middle East Eye

Event

French gendarmes arrested by Israeli police in East Jerusalem Church

The story behind Givat Eitam settlement.

No.

9235

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

Givat Eitam

Found by

TVFreePalestine Rana Owainh

Masked illegal Israeli settlers attacking a Palestinian home and assaulting the family inside

No.

9179

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Jenin - Jaba

Found by

TRT

Event

Israeli settlers attacking a Palestinian home in Jaba

The guard of Yitzhar settlement expelled farmers and stole olives from the lands of Burin

No.

9000

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Burin - Nablus

Found by

West Bank Observer

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

In Masafer Yatta the Israeli settlers, the army, and the police are one and the same

No.

8979

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli Police prevent farmer to pick their olive after settlers invasion in Umm Nir

No.

8978

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Umm Nir

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

In Umm Nir Shmuel Lusky and another settler attempted to steal the harvested olives and to assault the harvesters

No.

8977

Date

8 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

IDF and Police officier disturb olive harvest in Umm Nir near Susiya

No.

8885

Date

7 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Umm Nir - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israli soldiers and police officers from the Border Police prevent Palestinian harvesting in olive groves in Am Nir / Susiya

No.

8884

Date

7 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - Umm Nir - Susiya

Found by

Masafering

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Olive harvest : About 20 settlers attacked the activists and Palestinian farmer in Beit Jarjir

No.

8976

Date

6 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Jordan Valley

Found by

Mistaclim

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

2 Israeli settlers beat and harass a shepherd in al-Mania near Bethlehem

No.

8887

Date

6 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Bethlehem - Al-Mania

Found by

@dror_etkes

In the both village of Jorat al Jamel & At-Tuwani, Masafer Yatta, Israeli authorities destroyed two residences

No.

8886

Date

6 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Masafer Yatta - Al-Khalil/Hebron - At-Tuwani

Found by

Masafering Roman Levin

Apartheid in Hebron/ Al-Khalil

No.

8765

Date

5 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Al-Khalil/Hebron

Found by

@BotengaM

Israeli settler militias set fire to 18 vehicles and two apartments during an attack on Al-Bireh

No.

24381

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Ramallah - Al-Bireh

Found by

Quds News Network

Event

Settlers raid and torch property - Al-Bireh

An Israeli settler attacked the activist Alice Kisiya and her mother and tried to take their car's key

No.

9108

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank - Bethlehem - Al-Makhrour - Beit Jala

Found by

@ChrisHu34451470

Event

Home and land theft of Kisiya family in Bethlehem

Israeli settlers now felt comfortable to steal the Palestinian olive harvest after expelling Palestinians through the use of force

No.

8804

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Sometimes, after Israeli settlers steal the olives, they burn or destroy the olive trees

No.

8803

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Isreli settlers steal the Palestinian olive harvest

No.

8802

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers invade Palestinian land to steal the olive harvest

No.

8801

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli soldiers and settlers works In tandem to attack farmers, their land and their harvest

No.

8800

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli soldiers and settlers works In tandem to attack farmers, their land and their harvest

No.

8799

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

The settlers attack, burn, and destroy the Palestinian agriculture with the protection of the soldiers

No.

8798

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israel's "judicial & military authorities" "permitted" Palestinian farmers access to their own land

No.

8797

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli soldiers coordinated to settler in order to remove Palestinians from their lands

No.

8796

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest

Israeli settlers & soliers coordinated to remove Palestinians from their lands often by force.

No.

8795

Date

4 November, 2024

Location

West Bank

Found by

@JalalAK_jojo

Event

Harassment by the settlers during the olive harvest